POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

admin — Tue, 26 Dec 2023 07:13:13 +0000

POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects people with ovaries, typically during their reproductive years. PCOS is characterized by a combination of symptoms, and it can have various implications for a person’s health. It’s important to note that PCOS itself is not a “disease” but rather a syndrome—a collection of symptoms that tend to occur together.

IRREGULAR MENSTRUAL CYCLES:

One of the hallmark features of PCOS is irregular menstrual cycles. This can manifest as irregular periods, infrequent periods, or an absence of menstruation.
OVULATORY DYSFUNCTION:

Many individuals with PCOS experience ovulatory dysfunction, meaning that they may not ovulate regularly. This can contribute to fertility issues.
HYPERANDROGENISM:

Elevated levels of androgens (male hormones) are common in individuals with PCOS. This can lead to symptoms such as acne, hirsutism (excess hair growth in a male pattern), and male-pattern baldness.
POLYCYCSTIC OVARIES:

Enlarged ovaries with small fluid-filled sacs (follicles or cysts) around the eggs may be visible on ultrasound. However, not all individuals with PCOS have polycystic ovaries, and the presence of cysts alone does not confirm the diagnosis.
INSULIN RESISTANCE:

Many individuals with PCOS have insulin resistance, where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin. This can lead to elevated insulin levels and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes
METABOLIC ISSUES:

Insulin resistance and other metabolic factors associated with PCOS can contribute to an increased risk of metabolic conditions, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome.
ENDOMETRIAL HEALTH:

Irregular or absent menstrual cycles can lead to changes in the endometrium (lining of the uterus), increasing the risk of endometrial hyperplasia and, in some cases, endometrial cancer.
SLEEP APNEA:

PCOS has been linked to an increased risk of sleep apnea, a condition characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep.

It’s important to approach PCOS holistically, considering both the immediate symptoms and potential long-term health risks. Management of PCOS often involves lifestyle changes, medications to regulate menstrual cycles and address symptoms, and, in some cases, fertility treatments. Additionally, addressing metabolic factors through a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management is crucial. Individuals with PCOS should work closely with lakshmi Fertility Centre in Karaikudi providers to develop a personalized treatment plan based on their specific needs and health conditions.

MEDICATION:

LIFESTYLE CHANGES:

Diet: Adopting a healthy, balanced diet can help manage weight and improve insulin sensitivity. A diet low in processed sugars and refined carbohydrates is often recommended.
Exercise: Regular physical activity can help regulate menstrual cycles, manage weight, and improve insulin sensitivity.
WEIGHT MANAGEMENT:

Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight is a key aspect of managing PCOS, especially if overweight or obese. Weight loss can improve insulin sensitivity, regulate menstrual cycles, and reduce symptoms.
MEDICATIONS:

Birth Control Pills: Oral contraceptives can regulate menstrual cycles, reduce androgen levels, and improve acne.
Anti-Androgen Medications: Spironolactone and flutamide can help reduce symptoms such as excess hair growth and acne by blocking the effects of androgens.
Metformin: This medication is often prescribed to improve insulin sensitivity and regulate menstrual cycles, especially in individuals with PCOS who have insulin resistance or diabetes.
FERTILITY MEDICATIONS:

For individuals trying to conceive, fertility medications such as clomiphene or letrozole may be prescribed to induce ovulation.
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) may be recommended in cases of infertility.
NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS:

Some studies suggest that certain supplements like inositol (especially myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol), vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids may have benefits for women with PCOS. However, it's important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any supplements.
SURGERY:

In some cases, surgery may be recommended to address specific symptoms. Ovarian drilling, a laparoscopic procedure, is sometimes performed to improve ovulation.

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INFERTILITY

admin — Fri, 22 Dec 2023 04:45:07 +0000

INFERTILITY

Infertility is a medical condition characterized by the inability to conceive after a year of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. It can affect both men and women and may result from various factors. It is more essential for individuals or couples facing infertility concerns to consult with a healthcare professionals in Lakshmi Fertility Centre or a Best Fertility Centre in Karaikudi. They can provide a personalized assessment and recommend appropriate treatments based on the specific factors contributing to infertility.

FEMALE INFERTILITY

MALE INFERTILITY

Female infertility can result from various factors affecting the reproductive system. Female infertility is a condition where a woman faces challenges in conceiving or maintaining a pregnancy.

OVULATION DISORDERS:

Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), where the ovaries may not release eggs regularly, can contribute to infertility.
FALLOPIAN TUBE DAMAGE OR BLOCKAGE:

Blockages or damage to the fallopian tubes can prevent the egg from reaching the uterus or the sperm from reaching the egg.
ENDOMETRIOSIS:

Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. This can affect the function of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus.
UTERINE PROBLEMS:

Abnormalities in the structure of the uterus, such as polyps or fibroids, can interfere with implantation or cause problems with the growth of the fetus.
AGE - RELATED FACTORS:

Fertility declines with age, especially after the age of 35. The quantity and quality of a woman's eggs decrease over time.
HORMONAL IMBALANCES:

Disorders affecting hormonal balance, such as thyroid disorders or disorders of the pituitary gland, can disrupt the menstrual cycle and ovulation.
LIFESTYLE FACTORS:

Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and extreme weight fluctuations can negatively impact fertility.
INFECTIONS:

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) resulting from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can lead to scarring and damage to the reproductive organs.

Male infertility refers to a man’s inability to cause pregnancy in a fertile female partner. It can result from various factors that affect sperm production, sperm quality, or the delivery of sperm.

LOW SPERM COUNT (OLIGOSPERMIA):

Having fewer sperm in the ejaculate than the normal range may reduce the chances of fertilizing an egg.
POOR SPERM MOTILITY ASTHENODPERMIA:

Sperm with low motility (movement) may have difficulty reaching and fertilizing an egg.
ABNORMAL SPERM MORPHOLOGY:

Sperm with abnormal shapes may have difficulty penetrating the egg.
EJACULATION ISSUES:

Problems with ejaculation, such as retrograde ejaculation (when semen goes backward into the bladder) or premature ejaculation, can affect fertility
BLOCKAGES:

Obstructions in the reproductive tract, such as in the vas deferens or ejaculatory ducts, can prevent sperm from being ejaculated.
HORMONAL IMBALANCES:

Disorders affecting hormones such as testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) can impact sperm production.
LIFESTYLE FACTORS:

Factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, drug use, obesity, and exposure to environmental toxins can impact male fertility.
INFECTIONS:

Infections of the reproductive tract, such as epididymitis or sexually transmitted infections (STIs), can affect sperm production and function.

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FERTILITY

admin — Tue, 12 Dec 2023 10:11:18 +0000

FERTILITY

Fertility refers to the natural capability of an organism or a population to produce offspring. In the context of humans, fertility specifically refers to the ability of individuals or couples to conceive and have children. This involves the successful union of male and female reproductive cells (sperm and egg, respectively) through sexual intercourse, leading to the development of a fertilized egg, implantation in the uterus, and ultimately, the growth and development of a fetus.

FEMALE FERTILITY

MALE FERTILITY

Fertility in women refers to the ability to conceive and carry a pregnancy to term. It is influenced by various factors, both biological and environmental. Here are key aspects related to women’s fertility:

Male fertility refers to a man’s ability to successfully cause pregnancy in a fertile female partner. Male fertility is primarily determined by the quantity and quality of sperm produced. Here are key factors related to male fertility:

AGE:

Peak Fertility: Women are most fertile in their late teens to early 20s.
Decline in Fertility: Fertility starts to decline in the late 20s and more significantly after the age of 35.
Menopause: Menopause typically occurs in the late 40s to early 50s, marking the end of a woman's reproductive years.

SPERM COUNT:

A normal sperm count is essential for fertility. A semen analysis measures the number of sperm in a man's ejaculate. A low sperm count, known as oligospermia, can affect fertility.

MENSURAL CYCLE:

A regular menstrual cycle is generally associated with better fertility. Irregular cycles may indicate hormonal imbalances or other reproductive health issues.

SPERM MOTILITY:

Sperm must have good motility (movement) to reach and fertilize an egg. Poor sperm motility, known as asthenospermia, can be a contributing factor to infertility.

OVULATION:

Ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary and is a critical factor for conception. Tracking ovulation can be helpful for couples trying to conceive.

SPERM MORPHOLOGY:

Sperm morphology refers to the shape and structure of sperm. Abnormalities in sperm morphology (teratospermia) can impact their ability to fertilize an egg

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH:

Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or endometriosis can impact fertility. Regular gynecological check-ups are essential for maintaining reproductive health.

EJACULATION FUNCTION:

Adequate sexual function, including the ability to achieve and maintain an erection, as well as normal ejaculation, is crucial for male fertility.

LIFESTYLE FACTORS:

Nutrition: A healthy diet contributes to overall well-being, including reproductive health. Weight: Both underweight and overweight conditions can affect fertility. Exercise: Moderate physical activity is generally beneficial, but excessive exercise can impact fertility

HARMONAL BALANCE:

Hormones, such as testosterone and others, play a role in sperm production. Imbalances in hormonal levels can affect fertility.

SMOKING & ALCOHOL:

Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can negatively affect fertility.

GENETIC FACTORS:

Some genetic conditions can affect sperm production and function.

STRESS:

Chronic stress may impact reproductive hormones, potentially affecting fertility.

LIFESTYLE FACTORS:

Unhealthy lifestyle choices, including smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, drug use, and obesity, can negatively affect sperm quality.

CONTRACEPTION:

The use of certain contraceptives may have temporary effects on fertility after discontinuation.

MEDICATIONS:

Some medications, including certain antidepressants, antipsychotics, and chemotherapy drugs, can affect sperm production.

MEDICAL INTERVENTIONS:

Fertility treatments, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), can assist couples facing challenges in conceiving.

AGE:

While not as pronounced as in women, advanced paternal age can be associated with a decline in sperm quality.

GENETIC FACTORS:

Some genetic factors can influence fertility, though their impact varies.

INFECTINS:

Infections, particularly sexually transmitted infections (STIs), can affect sperm production and function.

It’s important to note that fertility is a complex and individualized aspect of health. If a couple is experiencing difficulties conceiving, seeking advice from a healthcare professional or fertility specialist is recommended. They can provide guidance, conduct necessary tests, and explore appropriate interventions if needed.

If a man and his partner are having difficulty conceiving, a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional, often a urologist or a reproductive specialist, may be necessary. This evaluation typically includes a semen analysis, hormonal tests, and a thorough medical history. Based on the findings, appropriate treatment options can be explored, which may include lifestyle changes, medications, surgery, or assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

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Healthy Pregnancy

admin — Mon, 11 Dec 2023 06:11:39 +0000

HEALTHY PREGNANCY

If a woman is planning for pregnancy, it’s crucial for her to discuss her plans with a healthcare provider. The healthcare provider can provide personalized advice based on her health history and specific needs. Some general considerations for women planning pregnancy include:

Folic Acid:

Folic acid is essential for the development of the fetal neural tube. It is recommended that women start taking a folic acid supplement (400 to 800 micrograms per day) at least one month before conception and continue during the early weeks of pregnancy.
Folic acid is a B-vitamin that is crucial for the early development of the baby's neural tube, which eventually forms the brain and spinal cord. Adequate folic acid intake before conception and during the early weeks of pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects.
It's often found in prenatal vitamins, but women can also take a separate folic acid supplement as advised by their healthcare provider.
PRENATAL VITAMINS:

Prenatal vitamins typically contain a combination of essential nutrients such as iron, calcium, vitamin D, and others. Iron is important for preventing anemia, which is common during pregnancy.
Calcium is vital for the development of the baby's bones and teeth, and vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium.
Prenatal vitamins are usually recommended even before conception to ensure that the body has the necessary nutrients for a healthy pregnancy.
REVIEW OF CURRENT MEDICATIONS:

It's crucial for women to review their current medications with their healthcare provider when planning for pregnancy. Some medications may need to be adjusted or switched to safer alternatives during pregnancy, as certain drugs can pose risks to the developing fetus.
However, it's essential not to stop or change any medications without consulting a healthcare professional. If the pregnency women needs to convey any specilist they can surely approach Lakshmi Fertility Centre .
RUBELLA (GERMAN MEASLES) IMMUNITY:

Women are generally advised to ensure they are immune to rubella before becoming pregnant, as rubella can cause serious birth defects. Rubella is a viral infection that can cause birth defects if contracted during pregnancy. Checking for immunity to rubella is often done through blood tests.
If a woman is not immune, the healthcare provider may recommend getting vaccinated before conception. It's important to wait at least one month after receiving the rubella vaccine before attempting to conceive.
PRECONCEPTION HEALTH CHECKUP:

A preconception health checkup allows healthcare providers to assess a woman's overall health and address any concerns before pregnancy. This may involve screening for chronic conditions such as diabetes or hypertension, checking for sexually transmitted infections, and ensuring that vaccinations are up to date.
HEALTHY LIFESTYLE:

Adopting a healthy lifestyle is crucial for both fertility and a healthy pregnancy. This includes maintaining a balanced diet rich in nutrients, engaging in regular physical activity, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and managing stress. Obesity and underweight can also affect fertility, so achieving and maintaining a healthy weight is important.
REGULAR PRENATAL CARE:

Once pregnant, regular prenatal checkups are essential to monitor the health of both the mother and the developing baby. These checkups allow healthcare providers to detect and address any potential issues early on, ensuring a healthy pregnancy. Every woman's situation is unique, so individualized advice from a healthcare provider is essential. Seeking early and regular prenatal care is key to ensuring a healthy pregnancy and delivery.

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MISCARRIAGE

admin — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 04:22:34 +0000

MISCARRAGE

50% of all miscarriages occurs due to Chromosomal abnormalities during the first trimester (up to 13 weeks) of pregnancy. Chromosomes are tiny structures inside the cells in the body that carry genes. Genes determine all of a person’s physical attributes, such as assigned sex, hair and eye color and blood type. During fertilization, when the egg and sperm fuse, two sets of chromosomes come together. If an egg or sperm has more or fewer chromosomes than normal, the foetus will have an abnormal number. As a fertilized egg grows into a foetus, the cells divide and multiply several times. Abnormalities during this process also leads to miscarriage.

SYMPTOMS OF MISCARRIAGE:

Hormonal imbalances.
Improper implantation of fertilized egg in the uterine lining.
Age.
Uterine abnormalities.
Incompetent cervix.
Disorders of the immune system - lupus.
Diabetes.
Thyroid.
Malnutrition.

MEDICATION:

During the loss of a pregnancy, the foetus must be removed from the uterus. If any parts of the pregnancy are left inside the body, it may cause infection, bleeding or other complications. If the miscarriage is complete and the uterus expels all the fetal tissue, then no further treatment is usually needed. If the body doesn’t remove all the tissue on its own or the bleeding hasn’t started, the patient will be recommended to remove the tissues with surgery. Dilation and curettage (D&C) or dilation and evacuation (D&E) should be performed if the uterus is bleeding heavily. Surgery may also be the only option if the pregnancy is beyond 10 weeks’ gestation. During these procedures, the cervix will be dilated, and any remaining pregnancy related tissue is gently scraped or suctioned out of the uterus under anesthesia.

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ECTOPIC TUBAL PREGNANCY

admin — Thu, 23 Nov 2023 09:24:27 +0000

ECTOPIC TUBAL PREGNANCY

An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg gets implanted outside the uterus. The egg is meant to travel down the fallopian tubes and embed itself into the wall of the uterus, for its development. In an ectopic pregnancy, the egg implants in one of the structures along the way. The most common place this takes place is inside the fallopian tubes. Ectopic pregnancies occur in about 2% of all pregnancies.

SYMPTOMS OF ECTOPIC PREGNANCY:

Vaginal Bleeding.
Pain in Lower Abdomen, Pelvis and Lower back.
Dizziness or weakness.
Fainting.
Low blood pressure - hypotension.
Shoulder pain.
Rectal pressure or bowel problems.
May feel sudden, sharp lower abdominal pain due to tube burst.

MEDICATION:

METHOTREXATE INJECTION:

Methotrexate injection is a medication to stop the fertilized egg from growing, ending pregnancy. The medication should not damage the fallopian tubes. This treatment. cannot be used if the fallopian tube has already ruptured.
SURGERY FOR ECTOPIC PREGNANCY:

Ectopic pregnancy will be removed by surgery, if the fallopian tube has ruptured or is at risk of rupture. This is an emergency surgery and a life-saving treatment. The procedure is typically done laparoscopically through several small incisions in your abdomen while asleep under anesthesia. The surgeon may remove the entire fallopian tube with the egg still inside or remove the egg from the tube and preserves the fallopian tube.

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ABNORMAL SPERM MORPHOLOGY

admin — Mon, 20 Nov 2023 10:15:43 +0000

ABNORMAL SPERM MORPHOLOGY:

Normal sperm has an oval head and a long tail. Abnormal sperm has head or tail defects such as a large or misshapen head or a crooked or double tail. These defects might affect the ability of the sperm to reach and penetrate an egg. This kind of infertility is also known as Teratozoospermia. An abnormal semen analysis doesn’t mean infertility. Many men with low semen analysis values can still father children. It just might take longer. If the co-partner isn’t able to conceive through sexual intercourse, assisted reproductive technology such as In Vitro Fertilization(IVF) might be an option.

MEDICATION:

IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF):

It is a minimally invasive clinical pregnancy procedure that assists conception by facilitating fertilization and egg implantation. This procedure involves fertilizing a woman’s egg with washed and concentrated male partner’s sperm outside her body, typically in the laboratory.
INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION (ICSI):

It is an advancement to the traditional IVF procedure. ICSI involves injecting live sperm directly into the woman’s egg to facilitate fertilization.
INTRACYTOPLASMIC MORPHOLOGICALLY SELECTED-SPERM INJECTION (IMSI):

An advancement to the ICSI procedure, involving injecting the most viable and robust morphologically examined sperm into the woman’s egg.

NATURAL SUPPLEMENTS:

Avoiding excessive exposure of heat to the testicles and environmental toxins are the simple measures taken for safeguarding the sperm health.

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UTERINE FIBROIDS

admin — Tue, 14 Nov 2023 13:43:05 +0000

UTERINE FIBROIDS:

Uterine fibroids are growths in the uterus. They often appear during the years usually able to get pregnant and give birth. Uterine fibroids are not cancer, and almost never turn into cancer. They are not linked with higher risk of other types of cancer in the uterus either. They are also called leiomyomas or myomas. A fibroid can distort the inside and the outside of the uterus. In extreme cases, some fibroids grow large enough to fill the pelvis or stomach area. They can make a person look pregnant.The formation of fibroids cannot be identified, because they often cause no symptoms. A healthcare professional can find fibroids during a pelvic exam or pregnancy ultrasound.

SYMPTOMS OF UTERINE FIBROIDS:

Heavy menstrual bleeding or painful periods.
Longer or more frequent periods.
Pelvic pressure or pain.
Frequent urination or trouble during urination.
Growth in stomach area.
Constipation.
Pain in the stomach area or lower back, or pain during intercourse.

MEDICATIONS:

GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONES:

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone medications work by shrinking fibroids. They sometimes used to shrink a fibroid before surgery, making it easier for removal. However, these medications are temporary, and if you stop taking them, the fibroids can grow back.
ORAL THERAPIES:

Elagolix is a new oral therapy to manage heavy uterine bleeding in women who haven’t experienced menopause with symptomatic uterine fibroids. It can be taken for up to 24 months. Another oral treatment known as tranexamic acid, treats heavy menstrual bleeding with uterine fibroids.

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HYPOPITUITARISM

admin — Fri, 20 Oct 2023 13:10:02 +0000

HYPOPITUITARISM

The pituitary gland sits just below your hypothalamus. It consists of two lobes, called the anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary. The hypothalamus is connected to and communicates with the anterior lobe through a network of blood vessels. It communicates with the posterior lobe by tissue called the pituitary stalk. The hypothalamus sends signals in the form of releasing hormones to tell the anterior and posterior pituitary when to release and secrete its hormones. Malfunctioning of these glands leads to Hypopituitarism which may damage the chance of getting pregnant and maintain fertility.

SYMPTOMS OF HYPOPITUITARISM:

Hot flashes in the upper body, usually more intense in face, neck and chest.
Irregular periods or no periods.
Loss of pubic hair.
Less production of milk for breastfeeding.
Decreased facial or body hair.
Mood swings.
Fatigue.
Unusual urination and extreme thirst.
Imbalances in minerals such as sodium and potassium, known as electrolytes.

MEDICATIONS:

Treatment for hypopituitarism depends on which pituitary hormones are deficient and the cause of the hypopituitarism. For those reasons, treatments are very individualized. The healthcare team will determine the best treatment plan according to the symptoms. Common treatment options for hypopituitarism include:

HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY:

Hormone replacement therapy aims to restore the deficient pituitary hormones to normal levels.
SURGERY:

Pituitary adenomas can cause hypopituitarism. Adenomas are tumors formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue caused by genetic mutations. People who have pituitary adenomas may undergo surgery to remove the adenoma.
RADIATION THERAPY:

Some pituitary adenomas can be treated using radiation therapy.

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DAMAGED FALLOPIAN TUBES

admin — Thu, 19 Oct 2023 05:44:22 +0000

DAMAGED FALLOPIAN TUBES:

If an egg is fertilized by sperm, it moves through the tube to the uterus for implantation. If a fallopian tube is blocked or damaged, women may have fertility problems. A blocked or damaged fallopian tube can prevent the sperm from reaching the egg or prevent the egg or fertilized egg (zygote) from moving from the ovary to the uterus to be implanted, because inside the fallopian tube is the location where sperm fertilizes the woman’s egg. Tubal blockages or damage may be caused by pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, previous surgeries, ectopic pregnancy or tubal ligation. Conception also happens in the fallopian tube. Some of the common reasons for blocked fallopian tubes include scar tissue, infection, and pelvic adhesions.

SYMPTOMS OF DAMAGED FALLOPIAN TUBES:

Blocked fallopian tubes don’t often cause symptoms. Many women don’t know they have blocked tubes until they try to get pregnant and have trouble. In some cases, blocked fallopian tubes can lead to mild, regular pain on one side of the abdomen. This usually happens in a type of blockage called a hydrosalpinx. This is when fluid fills and enlarges a blocked fallopian tube. Conditions that can lead to a blocked fallopian tube can cause their own symptoms. For example, endometriosis often causes very painful and heavy periods and pelvic pain. It can increase your risk for blocked fallopian tubes.

MEDICATIONS:

If the fallopian tubes have become blocked or scarred, the doctor can use laparoscopic surgery to remove the blockage and open the tubes. This surgery can be used to break up the scar tissue in your fallopian tubes, making it easier for eggs to pass through them. The success of surgery will depend on the extent of the damage to the fallopian tubes. If your fallopian tubes are blocked by large amounts of scar tissue or adhesions, treatment to remove the blockages may not be possible. Tubal reanastomosis is a common treatment used to reverse a tubal ligation or to repair a part of the fallopian tube damaged by disease. The blocked or diseased part of the tube is removed and the two healthy ends of the tube are joined.

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POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME